Cannabis dictionary

Active carbon filter - a filter, typically fitted to the exhaust vent, which removes unwanted odours from the grume. As the name suggests, it contains activated charcoal that is really effective at absorbing fragrance particles.

Aquaponics - a hydroponic cultivation technique that combines plant production with fish farming. The plants are grown hydroponically with the roots in the fish tank. The water is cleaned of fish waste as the plants absorb it as fertiliser. In other words, it's a symbiosis where the fish faeces are used to fertilise the plants, whose nutrient uptake cleans the water.

Aroma - the fragrance and flavour derived from the plant's volatile essential oils.

Autoflowering seeds - cannabis plant seeds, which as plants will flower regardless of how many hours of light they receive. They bloom automatically. This is in contrast to normal cannabis plants, which are photosensitive and whose flowering is dependent on day length. The special autoflowering property is thanks to the heritage of the Cannabis Ruderalis plant.

Aeroponics - an advanced hydroponic growing technique where roots are suspended in the air and sprayed with nutrient solution.

Afghanica - Cannabis Afghani originates from Afghanistan. It is a quite small, hardy, broad-leaved cannabis variety that develops a compact structure with short distance between stem joints. The most common examples of Afghanica include the many different hash plants and Afghani varieties. It is cultivated almost exclusively for cannabis production and has a high cannabinoid content. Many growers and cultivators do not distinguish between Afghanica and Indica, but place them in the same group under Cannabis Indica.

Ballast - instrument to start and stabilise electricity for e.g. LED or HID bulbs. You can't use them without a ballast.

Ball filters - see active ball filter.

Bedrocan - cannabis intermediate from dried top shoots from the company "CannGross". Contains 22% THC and less than 1% CBD. Part of the Danish experimental scheme with medical cannabis.

Backcrossing - Abbreviation BX. A common practice in cannabis breeding where a plant is crossed with a genetically identical clone of itself or one of its parents inbred virtually. This is done to enhance certain genetic characteristics of the given cannabis strain, such as taste, aroma, potency, yield or resistance to mould.

Benmel - organic manure made from crushed cattle bones. Contains mainly phosphorus (P), but may also contain some nitrogen (N). Releases its plant nutrients slowly, as it must first be broken down by microorganisms.

BHO - fork. "Butane Hash Oil." A cannabis extraction produced using butane gas as a solvent. BHO comes in several different types, each defined by its own unique texture and consistency. This includes: Shatter, budder/butter, wax, sauce, etc. The type of extraction you produce depends on the cannabis strain and extraction technique.

Blunt - a hollowed-out cigar filled with cannabis.

Bong - a smoking instrument mostly made of glass can also be made of ceramic, bamboo, metal etc. The smoke is filtered through water before it is inhaled, which cools and cleans. It is possible to inhale large amounts of smoke vs. in joint.

Bubble hash - a cannabis extraction made by separating the plant's crystals using. cold water, friction and a sieve. It is a very safe and clean form of extraction, as the final product does not contain harmful solvents.

Budder/butter - type of BHO extraction which has a soft and buttery consistency.

Buds - English for "top shot". See top shots.

BY - fork. for "Photosynthetically Active Radiation". A unit of measurement for the light used by plants.

Cannabis - the common name for plants of the genus Cannabis sativa L.

Curing/fermentation - last stage in the drying of the cannabis plant's crops/top shoots. These are placed in an airtight container such as a patent glass when the top shoots are almost dry but still have some moisture in them. This reduces the rate of drying and draws out moisture from the inside of the top shoots, degrading the chlorophyll. The result is that both flavour, aroma and potency are developed to the full.

Cloning - see cutting.

Cannabis Cup - a competition held at cannabis fairs and festivals where a panel of judges rate different strains and award points. There are often several categories such as "best indoor", "best Indica", "most potent" etc. The most famous and oldest Cannabis Cup is the "High Times Cannabis Cup", which was held for the first time in 1988 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Winning a Cannabis Cup is associated with a lot of attention and respect, and seed growers and producers therefore submit their breeding work in the hope of winning one of these prestigious awards.

Chlorophyll - a substance in plants that absorbs blue and red light, giving them their green colour. The substance plays a crucial role in plants' conversion of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Cannabis oil - a generic term for oils with an active cannabis content. See CBD oil and THC oil.

Chlorosis - Disease of plants characterised by a reduced or absent ability to produce chlorophyll. This causes the leaves to turn yellowish, pale and the plant to lose vigour. Chlorosis is caused by too little light or a lack of nitrogen (N), but can also be caused by too high or low pH in the soil.

Cannabis seeds - the cannabis plant sets seeds to reproduce itself. Female plants develop seeds when pollinated by a male plant. How many seeds each female plant sets depends on many factors, such as plant size, health, genetics and environment.

Concentrates - see extractions.

Cannaflavin - a flavonoid found only in the cannabis plant. Read our blog post on terpenes, flavanoids and terpenes here.

Crossing - A cross is when two cannabis plants with different genes produce seeds that have characteristics from both parents. This happens when the pollen of a male plant pollinates a flowering female plant, which then starts to produce seeds. The new variety that emerges is called a cross. A synonym for crossbreeding is "hybrid".

CBD - the second most studied and known active substance in cannabis after THC. It is non-psychoactive, counteracts the psychoactive effect of THC, has muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory and many therapeutic properties.

CORG - fork. "Screen of Green". A cultivation method where plants are trained to spread horizontally over a net. This creates extra growing points for the plant, and is a way to maximise the yield of a single plant. Read our blog post about SCROG here.

CBD oil - a cannabis oil that primarily contains CBD. Used medically to treat arthritis, spasms, anxiety, insomnia and pain. Pure CBD oil is non-psychoactive, which means you won't get high. See CBD.

Cultivar - see Strain.

CBN - a cannabinoid derived from degraded THC. Has a calming and sleep inducing effect.

Cerebral - that concerns the brain. Used to describe the effects of cannabis, with certain types having a pronounced cerebral rush, understood in the sense that it has a mental and potentially mood-enhancing, uplifting and motivating effect.

Chemotype - a relatively new term in the cannabis world, used to categorise the different cannabis strains/variants according to their chemical components. The term originated when researchers began to identify the genetic markers that distinguished THC-rich cannabis strains from CBD-rich cannabis strains. Here they talk about 3 main chemotypes: THC chemotype, CBD chemotype and a mixed THC/CBD chemotype (e.g. varieties with THC/CBD content in the ratio 1:1, 2:1 etc.).

Chillum - Indian pipe with a conical shape where you use your hands to create a cavity from which you suck/inhale. Traditionally made of fired clay, but can also be made of meringue, wood, etc.

CO2 campaign - an extraction method particularly common among professional producers of cannabis oil. It is considered one of the best-way, safest and most effective extraction methods, and involves the use of controlled temperature and pressure to extract the desired constituents from the cannabis plant.

Coco / coco coir - a culture medium consisting of fibres from the coconut husk. It can be mixed with soil to make it airier and ensure better drainage in the pot. It can also be used alone (possibly mixed with perlite or lecanuts) in a hydroponic growing system. This medium looks and feels like soil, but has a neutral pH and contains virtually no nutrients, which therefore need to be added for the plant to survive and thrive.

Coffeeshop - a shop selling cannabis for recreational use to private individuals. The concept is known from the Netherlands, which introduced this approach in the 1970s with the aim of separating so-called hard and soft substances.

Cola - the central main shoot of a cannabis plant. If you have cut (or "topped" as it is also called in English) the top shoot, 2 or more main shoots develop (depending on how many times you have topped it) it is therefore possible to have several colas on one plant.

Cannabinoids - a collective term for a large group of active ingredients.

Crumble - type of BHO extraction. Has an airy and porous consistency that crumbles when broken into pieces.

Dab/Dabbing - method of smoking cannabis extracts without the use of tobacco. This is done by heating a metal or ceramic head designed for the purpose with a torch-lighter (also known as a crème brulee burner) to a very high temperature. Immediately afterwards, a small piece of cannabis concentrate is added to the heated head. It starts to evaporate immediately and is inhaled through a so-called oil/dap bong or pipe. There are both so-called "high temp dab" and "low temp dab", where the temperature is respectively high or low where low temperature gives the best taste experience, as the terpenes are better preserved.

Decarboxylation - a chemical reaction/process in which a carboxyl group is removed from the cannabinoids using heat and time. This activates the cannabis plant's constituents. For example, THCA will turn into THC, which significantly improves their ability to be taken up by receptors in the brain. For example, it is virtually impossible to get high from eating cannabis, as it is still primarily THCA. When smoked or vaporized, cannabis is instantly decarboxylated, and thus activated. However, if you want to make oils or foods, you need to heat the cannabis first to activate it. The most common method is to heat it in an oven at about 110 degrees Celsius for ½ hour. There are plenty of detailed guides on Google and Youtube.

Dispensary - A cannabis dispensary or cannabis cooperative is a place where cannabis is sold for recreational or medical use. In the Netherlands these are called coffeeshops. In the US, they are available as an additive for both recreational and medicinal use.

Dronabinol - see Marinol.

Dry sift - shake.

DWC - fork. For Deep Water Culture. A hydroponic growing method where roots grow directly in oxygenated water.

Dust carriers - leaves of the flower, on which grains of dust (pollen) are formed.

Edibles - collective term for food products containing cannabis, e.g. hash pancakes, cookies, THC sweets, golden cocoa, etc.

Extraction - extraction of active ingredients from the plant, such as THC, CBD, CBN etc, and is thus a concentrated form.

Endocannabinoid system - also abbreviated ECS, is responsible for regulating the body's immune system, communication between cells, metabolism, memory, sleep, appetite, digestion, mood, fertility, pain, temperature regulation, etc. Despite its important role in the human body, ECS is a very unknown area and was only discovered in the 1990s. A lot of research is therefore being done these years to understand it better. What we do understand, however, is that the cannabinoids in the cannabis plant (the so-called phytocannabinoids) interact with the body's ECS, as well as it can have many beneficial effects.

Endocannabinoids - cannabionides produced in the human body (as well as in animals). The opposite of phytocannabinoids, produced in the cannabis plant.

Feminized seeds - seeds that are (almost) exclusively female. Read more about how they are produced in the blog post here.

Flavanoid - chemical component that contributes to taste and smell. Read our blog post on flavanoids here.

Flushing - a technique of watering with pure water or a very thin fertiliser solution, thereby cleansing the soil and/or plant of excess nutrients. This is done if the plant has been overfertilized, has accumulated too much nutrient salts in the pots, which is harmful to the plant. Also done at the end of flowering to clean the crops of fertilizer residues. This is said to improve the taste and aroma of the finished products.

Full melt hash - term for high quality shake or bubble hash that melts completely and leaves no residue.

F1 seeds - first-generation hybrid of a cannabis strain. They have the fewest random mutations and are more genetically stable. The more generations a plant is, the more likely it is to deviate from the original and have more phenotypes. F1 seeds are therefore the best and most sought-after.

F2 seeds - second-generation hybrid of a cannabis strain. Usually have more genetic spread than F1, and thus have more different phenotypes.

Ganja - term for cannabis in Jamaica and India.

Genotype - the total genetic material of a plant (or living organism). Hereditary material that is independent of environmental influences and epigenetic modifications (as opposed to phenotypes).

Grinder - grinder specifically designed for grinding top shoots before smoking in, for example, a joint. Some grinders also have a smaller chamber with a filter at the bottom. Gradually, as the grinder is used, a small amount of crystals, called kief, is collected. This is very potent and can be smoked separately or used to make an extra good smoking blend.

Growth Point - the outermost tip of a plant's branches or roots, where new cells are formed.

Gromedie - the material in which the plant is grown, e.g. soil, sphagnum, lecanuts, coco, rockwool, etc.

Guerilla cultivation - clandestine outdoor cultivation of cannabis plants that is outside one's own private property with the aim of keeping it hidden and anonymous. This can be done, for example, in the forest, roadside, field edge, an abandoned industrial area and similar places where it is possible to hide or camouflage the plants from outsiders. Read our blog post on guerrilla growing here.

Hash - a cannabis extraction consisting of the crystals of the cannabis plant shaken from the top shoots and compressed into solid sheets or small balls. Hash can have many different colours. The greener the hash, the more plant residues it contains. This is the poorest quality. Good hash varies in colour and can be anything from light brown, yellowish to completely black.

Hash oil - see THC oil.

Haze - a very popular, distinctly Sativa-dominant cannabis. Haze or its variants are included in a myriad of cannabis hybrids because of its many excellent properties.

Heirloom - an old variety/cultivar that has been grown in isolation, often by small communities cut off from the outside world. They are thus more "authentic" and "original" genetically speaking - as they have not been crossed with other varieties.

HID lamp - English fork. "High-intensity Discharge." HID is the collective term for lamps/bulbs that contain noble gases and generate an extremely bright light. HPS and MH lamps thus both fall into the HID category.

HPS lamp - fork. "High Pressure Sodium". A HID lamp particularly suitable for flowering cannabis plants. For many years the best lamp for this, but in recent years has become less common as LED technology has improved and become cheaper.

HTS - fork. "High Stress Training. A method of training the plant by breaking and bending the branches. This is obviously very stressful for the plant and requires that it is given a long period to rest and recover afterwards. This should therefore only be done during the vegetative phase of the plant. Examples of HTS are techniques such as Super Cropping and Main-lining. The advantages include lower, more compact plants and very thick, hardy branches.

Hybrid - a cross between several different genetics. All cannabis plants are properly hybrids, but it is generally understood that a given cannabis strain is a mixture of both Indica and Sativa strains to such an appreciable degree that it cannot be unambiguously called an Indica or Sativa.

Hydroponics - a term that covers several different cultivation techniques, all of which have in common that they are cultivated without soil as a medium. It is a productive and cost-effective cultivation method that provides plenty of air for the roots, better control of fertiliser and pH. Plants therefore grow faster and stronger in a hydroponic system. The hydroponic system can be divided into two categories: top-feed and sub-feed, where the irrigation is done from above or below. Examples of systems include: run-to-waste drip irrigation, NFT, DWC, ebb & flow, wick-hydropnics, aeroponics, etc.

Hamp - an old common term for all plants of the genus Cannabis Sativa L. Today, the meaning has changed to include only the range of "legal" cannabis varieties (max. 0.2% THC content) that are approved for production in agriculture and industry. So for fibre, food, industrial purposes, birdseed etc.

Hemp seed oil - a popular plant oil, providing a vegan alternative to omega-rich fish oil with its omega-3 and -6 content. Furthermore, it is widely used in various skin care and cosmetic products due to its antioxidant and mineral content. The oil is extracted from hemp seeds which are cold pressed. Read more about hemp seed oil in our blog post "Hemp Seeds as a Superfood" here.

Indica - one of the 3 main varieties of the cannabis plant (Indica, Sativa, Ruderalis). A variety/family of cannabis that originated in Pakistan and India. Unlike Cannabis Sativa, it develops a small, bushy structure with a sturdier stem, broad leaves and has compact top shoots. Furthermore, Indica has a short flowering time and generally a higher CBD content than Sativa. The higher ratio of CBD gives a heavier, more sedative effect.

Jiffy - also called a Jiffy pot, is a biodegradable brick made from coco or peat. They are mainly used to start seedlings indoors before transplanting them to a "real" plastic or textile pot.

Joint - a cigarette containing cannabis in the form of hashish, skunk or similar. A joint is made by rolling a cigarette paper into a conical case. The cannabis content may be mixed with tobacco. Some roast the tobacco to reduce the nicotine and tar, while adding more flavour to the cannabis bite.

Kush - a slang term for good cannabis, especially in the US. However, it also refers to a specific Indica-dominant cannabis from the Hindu Kush mountain range (in Afghanistan and Pakistan), which bears the same name, namely Hindu Kush. Its excellent qualities have made it play a central role in the crossing/breeding of many new cannabis strains such as OG Kush. Many cannabis strains are similarly named Kush, as they are related to native Kush or its variant.

Kali - Jamaican term for cannabis of the highest quality. Named after the Indian god of death, Kali.

Kelvin - Kelvin is what is used when measuring the colour temperature of light sources. Colour temperatures below 3000 Kelvin are what are called warm colours and are usually reddish or yellowish (best in the flowering phase). When you get above 5000 Kelvin, it is called cold colours, and these colours are more bluish (best in the vegetative phase).

Kief - shake.

Kimblade - the first set of small rounded leaves formed by a cannabis seed germinating. These wither and then fall off as the plant grows.

Leaflets - the large leaves of the plant that act as sun catchers. They are essential for plant development. Although many nibble them off during flowering, they should be retained as far as possible by bending them away to a position where they do not obscure the rest of the plant rather than removing them altogether. The medicinal value of the bracts is limited, and they are therefore most often discarded. However, there may be some crystals on them, and in these cases it may make sense to dry and store them.

Landrace - refers to a cannabis that has developed in isolation in a given environment over a long period of time. These landrace cannabis plants have been cultivated for generations by small, local communities, and are therefore considered genetically more "pure" and original. They are hardy and perfectly adapted to their respective local regions.

LED lamp - fork. "Light Emitting Diode". A lamp that uses LED bulbs.

Limonene - a terpene found in cannabis, the peel of citrus fruits, and in other fruits and flowers.

Live resin - a special form of cannabis extraction (typically made with BHO, but can also be CO2) that is more complex to produce, but has incredible aroma and flavour. This is done by using fresh, frozen top shoots as opposed to dry and curried top shoots. The fresh, undried cannabis allows the extraction of a wider range of cannabinoids and terpenes.

LST - fork. for "Low Stress Training" or "lav-stress skoling".

LUX - a unit of measurement for brightness. For indoor cultivation, a luxmeter (a measuring instrument that measures LUX) can be a very handy tool to help optimise lamp placement and measure effective coverage area.

Marinol - medically produced from synthetic dronabinol, which is THC. Marinol is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and your doctor can apply to the FDA for permission to prescribe it for you.

Medical cannabis - a generic term covering everything from dried buds, cannabis oils, capsules, pills, sprays etc. What they have in common is that they contain cannabis, either the natural active substances from the plant or synthetic cannabinoids, and that they are used to treat or relieve medical conditions.

Media - in the case of plants, it is understood as that in which the plants grow. Also called germination, cultivation or growth medium. Examples of groomers are soil, sphagnum, coir, lecanuts, perlite, rockwool, etc.

Molasses - a liquid residue of sugars from the sugar industry. The molasses promotes a healthy bacterial culture in the soil, thus providing a positive interaction between the soil bacteria and micro-organisms and the plant root network.

MH lamp - fork. "Metal Halide." A HID lamp suitable for the vegetative phase of the cannabis plant. The most common sizes are 250W, 400W and 600W.

Micronutrients / microfertilisers - the nutrients that the cannabis plant needs in small quantities, such as boron, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, etc.

Moon rocks - top shoots dipped in or sprayed with THC oil and then rolled in crystals/shake. A super potent product originating from the USA. In the original, completely authentic recipe, moon rocks consist of the top shoots of the variety Girl Scout Cookies (but all varieties can be used, of course).

Myrcene - the predominant terpene in most cannabis strains. It is described as clove and earthy, green, lemony and fruity with tropical mango or peppermint nuances.

Macronutrients / Macrofertilisers - the nutrients that the cannabis plant needs in large quantities, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

Marijuana - a slightly older synonym for cannabis (mainly used in the USA).

Nabilone - synthetically produced THC, which can be obtained on prescription from a doctor. Not widely used in Denmark, but recommended by doctors in other countries for, among other things, reducing high cannabis consumption.

Necrotic - a term for something being dead. For example, leaves or plants that are not only withered, but dry and without the possibility of regeneration. Necrotic spots on leaves may also occur.

No to gardening - an organic cultivation technique that tries to disturb the soil as little as possible. Instead of using shovels, rakes, tillers, etc. to turn and otherwise improve the soil, it is left undisturbed. Instead of adding fertiliser and improving the cultivated area with different mixtures, organic fertilisers, biomass, topsoil, etc. are placed on top of the soil, giving it an extra layer. In this way, the nutrient is slowly released and works its way down. Supporters of this technique see it as a more natural approach where plants are allowed to engage in a naturalistic cycle, and that this has a wide range of benefits such as: More air in the soil, increased microbiological activity, less work etc.

Node - English expression. The place on a plant where the petiole meets the branch. See growth point.

Nol - see THC oil.

Organoleptic - the sensory perception by sight, feeling, taste and smell.

Pre-rolled - term for a ready-made joint. Used to refer to the pre-rolled joints you can buy, for example, in the stalls on Pusherstreet, Christiania.

pH - a scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It goes from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral. A pH value of less than 7 indicates acidity (acid), while a pH value of over 7 indicates alkalinity (base). The pH of the water used for irrigation is important for the plant to thrive. You therefore need to be able to measure and adjust the pH. This can be measured with a pH kit with indicator liquid or with an electronic pH meter. The pH value can then be adjusted to the optimal level using pH-op and pH-ned (available as both powder and liquid).

pH meter - an electronic instrument for measuring the pH of liquids by means of a pH electrode.

Phytocannabinoids - cannabinoids produced by the cannabis plant. The opposite of endocannabinoids, which are produced in the human (and animal) body.

Pinene - a terpene in the cannabis plant, whose scent is often associated with coniferous trees. Besides cannabis, it is also found in many plants such as rosemary, eucalyptus and sage.

Processing - developing new variants/varieties of a plant by selecting and crossing individual plants that carry traits you want to enhance.

Pestle - the female plant's sexual organ, which resembles white hairs. When a pistil comes into contact with pollen from a male plant, it is pollinated.

Photoperiod - day length, the duration of the daylight period, i.e. how many hours of light per day. The seasonal change in the photoperiod is the most reliable indicator of seasonal change. The flowering of the cannabis plant occurs when the light period is 12 hours a day.

Pollen - dust-like small grains with male gametes from the pollen sacs of male flowers. When these hit the female plant's top shoots/flowers, it pollinates and starts producing seeds.

Photosensitive - is used in the cannabis context for plants that depend on the photoperiod to flower. Only autoflowering cannabis plants (Cannabis Ruderalis) are not photosensitive.

Pot - a slightly older term for cannabis. Today, pot is most often used for not-so-potent cannabis grown in the open.

Photosynthesis - the biological process in plants in which carbon dioxide and water are converted by the energy of sunlight into oxygen and organic matter in the form of glucose. Glucose is then converted into other nutrients that are used by the plants themselves.

Plum - English word meaning "pruning" in English.

Pollination - pollination means the transfer of pollen to an anther. The male plant's pollen is transferred by wind, insects or humans to the anther/flowers of a female plant, after which the female plant begins to produce seeds.

Phenotype - the appearance and characteristics of a plant resulting from the interaction between its genetic make-up (genotype) and its environment.

Regular seeds - seeds, where there are both male and female plants. Unlike feminised seeds, where there are 99.8% female plants.

Rhizosphere - in everyday language also called the root zone. The area immediately around the plant's roots that contains many living bacteria and organisms.

Rick Simpson oil - see THC oil.

RO-water - see reverse osmosis water.

Red Hormone - hormone used for propagation of cuttings. A hormone that stimulates the plant to form new roots on cut cuttings. One of the most popular products for this is Clonex.

Reverse osmosis (RO) - a filtration method that removes impurities from water such as limescale.

Raisin - cannabis extraction made without the use of solvents. Instead, heat and mechanical pressure are used to extract the active ingredients of the cannabis material. The material can be both top shots, hash or shake.

RSO - fork. for Rick Simpson Oil. See THC oil.

Ruderalis - one of the 3 main varieties of the cannabis plant (Indica, Sativa, Ruderalis). Cannabis Ruderalis is from Siberia and flowers automatically, unlike Indica and Sativa, whose flowering depends on the photoperiod. Has been crossed into the traditional Indica and Sativa to give them the attractive autoflowering properties.

Shake - when the trichomes/crystals from the plant material are separated from here so that they are in dry powder form, it is called shaking. It can be smoked alone or added to a smoke mix. If compressed, it becomes hash. The reason it is called shake is that it is often made by placing the dry top shoots on a fine-mesh sieve and being worked through it/shaken off. The material under the sieve consists of the trichomes/crystals, i.e. the "shake". It is a very pure form of cannabis extraction with no trace of solvents, and is consequently very potent and highly sought after.

Super Cropping - a technique where branches are trained to grow horizontally, so that the primary top shoots are exposed to a greater amount of light. This is also called HST ("High Stress Training"), as you bend the branches hard so that their inner fibres break and the branch becomes limp and pliable without breaking. This is thought to activate the plant's defence mechanisms, thereby producing more terpenes and absorbing nutrients more quickly.

Sativa - one of the 3 main varieties of the cannabis plant (Indica, Sativa, Ruderalis). A variety/family of cannabis originating mainly in Asia, America and Africa. Each range has its own characteristics, but all share the following: tall, slender structure with wide spacing between stem joints, an extensive root system, large, narrow leaves and relatively fewer top shoots than Indica. They also generally have a longer flowering time than Indica.

Sativex - a mouth spray containing both THC and CBD. Sativex can be prescribed by neurologists to patients with multiple sclerosis for spasms where the usual medication for spasms has not worked.

Sauce - type of BHO extraction, which has a high viscosity and an extremely sticky consistency.

Scoto phases - the circadian period of darkness, when plants do not receive light.

Shatter - type of BHO extraction. Has a smooth surface and hardconsistent. Shatters like glass when broken, hence the name "shatter".

Sinsimilla - Spanish expression meaning "without seeds". Used for female cannabis plants that are cultivated for the top shoots as crops and therefore prevented from being pollinated, so that they do not develop seeds in flowering, but only pure top shoots.

SOG - fork. "Sea of Green". A cultivation method where you put many small plants per m2 and put them in flower quickly. Read our blog post on SOG here.

Strain - A variety (also called a cultivar) is a specially selected type of a particular plant species such as cannabis. These are generally types that have particular characteristics that you want to exploit, for example yield, growth habit, disease resistance, hardiness or taste/aroma. There are countless cannabis strains, and exciting new varieties are constantly being developed by seed growers who carefully select and cross different genetics with each other.

Stængelled - the piece between two petioles is called a stalk.

Stikling - also called a clone, is a cut part of the plant which is made to form roots and thereby propagate itself. This is genetically identical from the mother plant, i.e. the plant from which the cutting was taken. This is an easy way to replicate and propagate cannabis. However, this cannot be done with autoflowering cannabis, which can only propagate by seed.

Strain - spell.

Stretching - English for "to stretch". When the plants stretch, it means that they grow with a large distance between the stem joints. This is due to excessive heat, lack of light or fertiliser problems. However, it is normal for photosensitive plants to stretch the first few weeks of flowering. This is because their circadian rhythm suddenly changes from 18 hours of light a day to 12 hours of light a day, so they seek out the light and stretch higher to "reach" it until they adjust to the new circadian rhythm.

Sugar leaves - the small fine leaves on the top shoots, which become completely crystallised like the top shoot. It looks like sugar has been sprinkled on, hence the name "sugar leaves".

TAL -

Thanks to - English slang term directly translated as "damp". Used in the cannabis world to describe cannabis of excellent quality.

Terpenes - molecules that give aroma and flavour to cannabis. Is also inherently psychoactive and can have beneficial medicinal effects. Read our blog post on terpenes here

Thai stick - an older form of cannabis cigar that originated in Thailand. They became popular in the US in the 1970s and are known to most people today probably from the Cheech & Chong films (in the US, however, they have reappeared in various dispensaries). Thai Stick consists of top shoots impaled on a bamboo stick with cannabis cover leaves laced together with hemp string.

THC - the primary psychoactive substance in cannabis. Fork. for Tetrahydrocannabinol.

THC oil - also called nol, hasholie or RSO, is an essential oil extracted from the mature top shoots of the cannabis plant. The active ingredients can be extracted using different types of solvents, such as strong alcohol. See THC.

Two-smokes - slang term for a large joint containing tobacco from 2 cigarettes.

Topikal - that something is applied topically, meaning that, for example, a cannabis oil is absorbed through the skin. Used in conjunction with creams, ointments, medicines, etc.

Top shots - the flowers of the cannabis plant. This is where the majority of cannabinoids such as THC and CBD are found. They are therefore the most valuable part of the plant. After a flowering period of usually 6-10 weeks, the top shoots ripen and are then ready for harvesting.

Trikomer - the cannabis plant's crystals/resins that make up the active ingredients such as THC, CBD, terpenes, etc.

The Entourage Effect - term for the biochemical interaction of different cannabinoids in the body. Read our blog post about it here: The Entourage Effect.

Vaporizer - also known as a "vape". Translated from English, it means an "evaporator". In the cannabis context, it is understood as an apparatus for vaporizing dried cannabis products. There are many vaporizers on the market, but some of the more popular products include Volcano, Mighty, Crafty, Pax, Firefly and Flowermate.

Water curing - a new technique of curing the top shoots in water. It involves a greater risk of mould and you lose some of the flavour and aroma, but it's quicker than the traditional method of curing in glass.

Weed - slang term for cannabis.

Winterization - a process that removes fat, lipids and other unwanted material from an extraction. This process is necessary to create a greater purity of cannabinoids. Lipids dilute the extraction, and by removing them, a concentrated product of higher purity and quality is created.

4:20 - code for cannabis and things related to this. At 4:20 PM is the time when cannabis smokers are said to smoke the first joint after a successful working day. This is believed to be the origin behind the term, but no one knows exactly where, how and who coined the term in its time. 4/20 (April 20) has also become an international day of celebration for cannabis enthusiasts. Also in Denmark various events are held around the country the biggest being the annual Cannabismarch from Christiania in Copenhagen.

710 - code for THC oil. The 710 spells OIL when turned upside down.